isomerism

Example:In conformational isomerism, the energy barrier to transform one isomer into another can be high, making them distinct energy states of the molecule.

Definition:A specific type of isomerism where isomers differ in the three-dimensional orientation of their atoms, but have the same connectivity. This means that you can rotate the bond between some atoms without changing the connectivity.

Example:Geometric isomers in alkenes exhibit different physical properties, such as melting points, because of their different spatial orientations.

Definition:Also known as cis-trans isomerism, geometric isomerism describes the situation where the spatial orientation of atoms is different and depends on the presence of a double bond or a ring structure, preventing rotation around certain bonds.

Example:Stereoisomerism includes both enantiomerism and diastereomerism, as well as other types based on spatial arrangements, such as geometric isomerism.

Definition:A general term for all types of isomerism where the sequence of atoms is the same but the molecular geometry is different, involving the arrangement of atoms in space.